Knowledge Strategy Report from the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery In Search for a Proper Management Strategy

Defining the right knowledge management is never easy, for the search of the perfect means of distributing information, which, one must admit, is quite unrealistic even once the most recent technological advances are deployed to analyze both the inside and outside factors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Strategy Report from the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery: In Search for a Proper Management Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Developing the right approach towards the knowledge creation, acquisition, distribution and processing, however, is still vital for an organization’s proper functioning, which the example of the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery shows graphically. According to the recent research, in the light of the on-coming knowledge audit, the gallery faces a threat of failing at providing the proper facts related to the cultural and industrial aspects of the organization’s life. However, with the proper evaluation of the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery’s assets, one can possibly define the optimum knowledge management strategy for the gallery to follow. The desired outcomes of the specified strategy presuppose the improvement of the relationships within the organization in the first place. According to what the research says, the employees prefer treating each other with suspicion and, therefore, do not trust their colleagues with the specifics of their pieces of work, as well as the individual tacit and explicit knowledge, which they acquire in the process of handling their own tasks. As a result, there is a considerable lack of cohesion between the actions of the employees, which is triggered by the lack of essential information concerning a certain aspect of the work. Hence, it seems that the most desirable outcome of the knowledge management strategy, which is going to be implemented, is an increased transparency of the organizational information and , consequently, the overall informational transparency within the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery as the guiding principle of the organizational culture. In addition, it is anticipated that, after a series of changes within the organizational environment in Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery, the production processes are going to be improved a notch, which will, in turn, lead to greater incomes and better productivity.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When thinking of the proper knowledge strategy that can possibly be recommended in the given case, one must keep in mind that not only external, but also internal factors are to be taken into consideration, since the lack of efficacy in sharing knowledge obviously stems not from the intrigues of the rival companies, but from the tension within the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery. Therefore, it will be required to incorporate the strategy that can help bring the company together, re-establishing corporate values, reorganizing the principles of knowledge management process and, thus, reinventing the frame of mind of Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery employees. With that in mind, it would be a good idea to consider the knowledge management strategies that aim at bringing the mini-society of employees together. For the given purpose, such strategy as KM Road Map may be considered. There is no secret that all existing knowledge management strategies that have been created by now include four major stages, i.e., knowledge acquisition, capture and/or creation, and sharing (Dalkir). Nevertheless, KM strategies differ according to their focus. According to the existing nomenclature, knowledge audit that has already been conducted can be considered only the basic check for the inconsistencies within the organization, while the KM strategies with the focus on the organizational behavior and corporate culture will be required further on. At present, it seems that the KM Road Map will be the optimum solution for the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery at present. According to the existing descriptions, the given strategy is known as the tool that helps â€Å"cover a three- to five-year period, outlining the key priorities for each year† (Dalkir 257). Therefore, the given KM strategy will allow for a better understanding of the organization’s priorities, thus, making it clear where the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery went wrong with its actions towards shaping the organizational management. While the chosen knowledge management strategy will help with the issues within the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery, it will also solve the current business problems, since, according to experts, it answers such question as â€Å"How will the organization manage its knowledge better for the benefit of the business?† (Dalkir 257).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Strategy Report from the Ting Sha o Kuang Art Gallery: In Search for a Proper Management Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That being said, one must admit that the choice of the knowledge management strategy for the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery depends on a variety of factors, starting with the specifics of the corporate culture, which needs proper definition at present, up to the specifics of its body, i.e., the mechanics of the processes within the gallery, which take place on the organizational level. In the light of the current organizational strategy, however, a more transparent strategy of knowledge management can be advised. Once every single bit of information will be accessible to every single employee in the gallery, it can be expected that the knowledge distribution will be more efficient and, therefore, the production processes within the gallery will be improved. Based on the outcomes of the recently completed knowledge audit, the given strategy is bound to fix the issues concerning the knowledge sharing process within the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery. It is important that, according to the results of the knowledge management audit, the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery needs create a database for storing the information concerning the exhibits, as well as the rest of the data concerning the organization. It is important to keep in mind, however, that the creation of a database alone will not solve the problem; without the introduction of a specific system of knowledge sharing, the given proves will never be conducted properly and, therefore, the current knowledge management system will fail once again. The creation of database and, therefore, the implementation of the KM Road Map strategy is bound to fix the issue concerning the knowledge sharing problem by making the processes within the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery more transparent and, hence, providing better knowledge sharing opportunities. Once the database where the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery information is going to be stored has been created, it will be required to provide free and easy access to the database for every single employee. By making such changes, the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery will be able to obtain the necessary information without the need to consult any other sources.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The benefits of the KM Road Map strategy also concern the sphere of interpersonal relationships within an organization, which is especially important for the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery in the light of the recent audit results, which have shown that the organization lacks cohesion between the work of its departments and trust between its employees. While the creation of databases will provide a temporary solution by offering the employees a way to acquire information directly from its source, the introduction of a completely new idea of knowledge sharing that will be based on mutual trust, as well as the creation of new corporate values and company culture, will shape the organizational behavior of the employees, thus, making the atmosphere in the workplace less tense. With the help of the KM Road Map, one will be able to develop the management plan that will last for at least a year, which is especially important for the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery, since the latter has been showin g the signs of instability since recently, according of the report. Judging by the aforementioned, the objectives of the chosen KM strategy can be split into two major categories, i.e., the change of the corporate climate and the improvement of knowledge acquisition, processing and application scheme. Taking a closer look at the specifics of the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery and the way in which its elements interact, one can come to the conclusion that the following objectives must be achieved for the key strategy implementation: Improving the corporate climate: Informing the employees on the upcoming changes in the company’s policy on information and knowledge management process; Providing the necessary training for the employees to be able to handle the new databases and operate within the new knowledge management system successfully; Defining the roles that each member of the company is going to play in the new knowledge management process; Stressing the significance of th e community priorities by transforming the individual tacit knowledge into community explicit knowledge; Introducing new corporate culture standards and a new model of organizational behavior based on transparency and mutual trust. Enhancing efficient knowledge distribution and sharing: Creating a database where the key information is going to be stored; Allowing the access to the database only to the trusted members of the company; Changing the assigned supervisors of the database information in a specified period (e.g., every two months); Updating the information regularly so that the data concerning the most recent paintings should be available; Including the resources for sales representatives into the database; Splitting the information in the database according to the styles of the artworks, the authors of the paintings, the time slot on which the artwork was created, etc. for better information management; Specifying the categories of styles, including the postwar art, mode rnist art, contemporary art, etc. It can be concluded that the chosen KM Road Map strategy will prove efficient after several months of its application. The choice of the period is predetermined by the scale of the changes that need to be made for the strategy to be applied. It is necessary to keep in mind that the introduction of new knowledge management strategy and the creation of a database will require specific software, reorganization of the existing information, its classification and conversion into digital data, etc. However, once the strategy starts working, the attitude of the employees is bound to change, which, in its turn, will result in a massive surge of performance efficiency. Works Cited Dalkir, Kimiz. Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice. New York, NY: Elsevier Butterworth–Heinemann, 2005. Print. This essay on Knowledge Strategy Report from the Ting Shao Kuang Art Gallery: In Search for a Proper Management Strategy was written and submitted by user Zeke Beasley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Jamaican Music Roots

Jamaica According to the history of Jamaica, the slaves from Africa brought over drums called â€Å"BURRU† which were used in an arrangement called talking drums. These were used during Jonkanoo celebrations, which were a Christmas time activity; the planters encouraged these until they found out that the slaves were using their drums and conch shells to communicate with each other. By the turn of the century, Calypso from Trinidad and Tobago and Samba from Central America were introduced to the Jamaicans to form a new mix of music called Mento. MENTO Mento was the popular music in Jamaica before ska, rocksteady and reggae. It was an established style in both rural and urban areas as early as the turn of the 20th century. Mento bands usually include one or more of the following: banjo, guitar, a bass lamellophone called a rumba box, and maracas. They sometimes include the fife, clarinet, violin or saxophone. The songs played were usually work songs with humorous lyrics passed down through generations. SKA and ROCK STEADY In the mid 1950’s the youth of Jamaica were more interested in listening to American music than anything from Jamaica, so musicians were called on to emulate the sound of imported American music, within a few years this music turned into Ska. Ska was a big band type of sound with horn arraignments, piano and a quick beat. Ska was easy to move to and created a form of dance called skanking. The beat of Ska slowed down a bit in the early 60’s and Rock Steady emerged. With Rock steady the drums became less prominent and there was a heavier bass tune, and the music was a bit slower and more laid back. REGGAE By 1969 the new, enduring sound of reggae had established itself. Reggae is a combination of traditional African Rhythm and blues and indigenous Jamaican folk. The synthetic style is strictly Jamaican and includes off beat syncopations, up stroke guitar strums, chanted vocal patterns and the lyrics... Free Essays on Jamaican Music Roots Free Essays on Jamaican Music Roots Jamaica According to the history of Jamaica, the slaves from Africa brought over drums called â€Å"BURRU† which were used in an arrangement called talking drums. These were used during Jonkanoo celebrations, which were a Christmas time activity; the planters encouraged these until they found out that the slaves were using their drums and conch shells to communicate with each other. By the turn of the century, Calypso from Trinidad and Tobago and Samba from Central America were introduced to the Jamaicans to form a new mix of music called Mento. MENTO Mento was the popular music in Jamaica before ska, rocksteady and reggae. It was an established style in both rural and urban areas as early as the turn of the 20th century. Mento bands usually include one or more of the following: banjo, guitar, a bass lamellophone called a rumba box, and maracas. They sometimes include the fife, clarinet, violin or saxophone. The songs played were usually work songs with humorous lyrics passed down through generations. SKA and ROCK STEADY In the mid 1950’s the youth of Jamaica were more interested in listening to American music than anything from Jamaica, so musicians were called on to emulate the sound of imported American music, within a few years this music turned into Ska. Ska was a big band type of sound with horn arraignments, piano and a quick beat. Ska was easy to move to and created a form of dance called skanking. The beat of Ska slowed down a bit in the early 60’s and Rock Steady emerged. With Rock steady the drums became less prominent and there was a heavier bass tune, and the music was a bit slower and more laid back. REGGAE By 1969 the new, enduring sound of reggae had established itself. Reggae is a combination of traditional African Rhythm and blues and indigenous Jamaican folk. The synthetic style is strictly Jamaican and includes off beat syncopations, up stroke guitar strums, chanted vocal patterns and the lyrics...

Billie Holiday Biography

African American jazz singer and songwriter. Her singing style, strongly inspired by Jazz musicians, lead too new way of using word choice and rhythm. A critic named John Bush once wrote that Holiday changed the art of American pop vocals forever. She only co-wrote a few songs, but a number of them have become Jazz standards that many musicians strive to live up to. Some of these standards were set by songs of hers such as God Bless he Child, Dont Explain, Fine and Mellow, and Lady Sings the Blues.She also became famous for singing Easy Living, Good Morning Heartache, and Strange Fruit, a protest song which became one of her standards and was made famous with her 1 939 recording. In Harlem she started slang In various night clubs. Holiday Hammond arranged for Holiday to make her recording debut, at age 18, In November 1933 with Benny Goodman, singing two songs: Your Mothers Son-Len-Law and Riffing; the Scotch. The latter being her first big hit.Son-in-Lawn sold 300 records, but Riffle the Scotch, sold 5,000 records. Hammond was very impressed by Holidays visualization style. He said of Holiday that, Her singing almost changed my music tastes and my musical life; because she was the first girl singer Id come across who actually sang like an improvising Jazz genius. Hammond compared Holiday positively to Armstrong and said she had a good sense of lyrics at her young age. In early 1 959 Holiday found out that she had cirrhosis of the liver.The doctor told her to stop drinking, which she did for a short time, but soon returned to heavy drinking. Some of her friends tried to get her to check into a hospital, but she did not go. On May 31, 1959, Holiday was forcibly taken to Metropolitan Hospital in New York suffering from liver and heart disease. She was arrested for having drugs with her as she lay dying, and her hospital room was invaded by the police. Police officers were stationed at the door to her room because of her drugs.Holiday remained under Alice guard at the hospital until she died from pulmonary edema and heart failure caused by cirrhosis of the liver on July 17, 1959. In the final years of her life, she had been gradually tricked out of her earnings because of her drug and alcohol addictions. She died with seventy cents in the bank and seven-hundred fifty dollar tabloid fee. Billie Holiday Biography By Congregant 1 Billie Holiday (born Eleanor Harris (1915-1959) was an African American Jazz singer her 1939 recording.In Harlem she started singing in various night clubs. Holiday took her professional pen name from Billie Dove, an actress she admired, and the musician Clarence Holiday, thus was born Billie Holiday. The producer John Hammond arranged for Holiday to make her recording debut, at age 18, in November Riffing the Scotch. The latter being her first big hit. Son-in-Law sold 300 records, but Riffing the Scotch, sold 5,000 records. Hammond was very impressed by early 1959 Holiday found out that she had cirrhosis of the liver.

Hauffman Trucking Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hauffman Trucking Company - Essay Example he choice of the location is important since, a prime location enables the company reap benefits that would have essentially cost the company lots of money to acquire. For example, access to new and efficient technological innovations (Caprio, 2013). Globalization encourages mergers between organizations thus creating bigger companies. This increases the revenue and the value of the organization. The organization gains a larger market share, a decrease in expenses and experiences a decrease in expenses. The prime negative effect of globalization is outsourcing. This is the hiring of new staff from outside the organization to the subsidiary companies set up in different countries. This increases the organization`s expenditure in catering for the increased number of employees. There are five main factors contributing to exchange rate risks. They include the expectations of the economic growth. An economy responds to a growing population in different ways. If the growth occurs too rapidly, the cost of living will increase due to the unnecessary wages paid. With higher growth comes higher inflation and this increases the exchange rates. On the other hand, deflation, which normally occurs during recession, is a sign of economic stagnation. This lowers the exchange rates. Other factors include, trade balance, central bank actions, employment outlooks and interest rates (Wagner,

THE FACE OF GOVERMENT Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

THE FACE OF GOVERMENT - Coursework Example In America, you can be considered to be living below the poverty line and still have your basic needs taken care of. So how we define poverty in America is important to consider also. Also, we should consider that not everyone is going to spend the money they get from welfare wisely. The money could be used on things like drugs or alcohol instead of on things that will improve that person’s overall quality of life. So I believe that in order to fix the poverty problem we need to fix the unemployment problem. I hope that Social Security and Medicare will be around when it is my turn to collect but I am also not getting my hopes up. Recently the government came out with a report that projected that the Medicare trust fund for hospital care will be insolvent by 2024 and the Social Security fund will be insolvent by 2036 (â€Å"Social Security..†) There are a few things that are responsible for this: the ratio of those putting money in to Social Security to those collecting is shrinking, the rising expense of healthcare costs, our recent economic problems, and government spending. You would think that if a person is putting money into Social Security and Medicare all their lives they would easily have enough money to live on when they retire, which is why I feel that our Social Security and Medicare problems are mostly the result of mismanagement of taxpayer money and out-of-control spending by the

The First World War Essay Example for Free

The First World War Essay We dont live alone. We are all members of one body. We are responsible for each other. What is Priestleys main aim in An Inspector Calls? How successfully does he achieve it? John Boynton Priestley was a committed socialist. He was born in 1894 in Bradford and his mother died the same year. Priestley was raised by his father, who was also a passionate socialist. At the age of fourteen he became a junior clerk at a wool firm in his home town, before joining the army in 1914 at the outbreak of the First World War. During his time spent fighting in France, Priestley developed a strong sense of the class divisions that were an integral part of the capitalist system; I went into that war free of any class feeling, no doubt I came out with a chip on my shoulder; a big heavy chip, probably some friends thigh bone. Priestley grew to hate the way a few rich and greedy businessmen and industrialists exploited and abused the working classes, for the sake of greater profits. In Priestleys mind, it was simply the nature of this society which had made war in 1914 inevitable. As a socialist, Priestley believed that wealth should be equally distributed amongst the population, and that this could be achieved by the state ownership of the fundamental means of production, therefore abolishing the need for an upper class of capitalists. Priestley hoped that World War One had shown people that their way of life needed to change, but even though military service had caused much upheaval, soon, things had reverted back to the way they had been. When war broke out again in 1939, Priestley could see that the lessons of the first war had not been learnt, and felt that society had to change drastically. With this in mind, at the end of the Second World War after successfully publishing other plays and novels, Priestley wrote An Inspector Calls. He anticipated that the public, with the benefits of hindsight, would now be more receptive to his socialist ideas; This brings us to the second and more truthful way of looking at this warto regard this war as one chapter in a tremendous history, the history of a changing world, the breakdown of one vast system and the building up of another and better one theres nothing that really worked that we can go back to but we cant go forward and build up this new world order unless we begin to think differently, and my own personal view, for what its worth, is that we must stop thinking in terms of property and power and begin thinking in terms of community and creation.

Mass Storage (defined) :: essays research papers

A Mass Storage Device can be defined as: Any device used to supply relatively inexpensive storage for large amounts of data. A sort of jukebox for optical disks or tape cartridges. A mass storage unit can automatically load any disc or tape in its library to provide quick access to vast quantities of information. (Computer Dictionary, Third Edition by Donald Spence, Camelot Publishing) The text written for this paper will utilize several kilobytes of storage space. Several pictures are included in this paper. The pictures will utilize several hundred kilobytes of storage space. The finished paper will utilize about one megabyte of storage space - nearly an entire 3.5-inch floppy disk. But there is plenty of space on the hard drive. Or is there? This picture (from: www.storage.ibm.com/storageadsmhome.htm) illustrates typical amounts of storage space used by common files. Increased demand for storage space affects many people - from individuals (e.g. a Robert Morris College student) to corporations (e.g. USX). The solution for the student is an easy one. Purchase and install a larger hard drive. Or perhaps consider deleting those files from Speech Communications 2 class. The corporation will tackle this problem differently then the student will. One possible option is the use of Mass Storage. Four types of Mass Storage technologies will be discussed: Hard Drives, Optical Disks, Tape Systems and the idea of HSM. The main idea all of these technologies is to end up with additional storage space - especially hard drive space. Hard Drive Storage Hard Drive Technologies could be compared to the hard drive of a personal computer or to floppy disks. Data and programs are stored on magnetic coated disks. Hard drives are fast, but they are expensive. The capacity of hard drives is increasing. Computer Shopper magazine recently featured a 50 gigabyte hard drive. Additionally, the price of hard drive storage has been decreasing. But to continually purchase addition hard drive space may not be the most efficient business choice. Older files may hold great value. Deleting them to free up more space may not be an option. Removable disk drives can be used to free up hard drive space. A Zip Drive can hold 250 megabytes of data. A Jazz Drive can hold up to 2 gigabytes. Storage can also be increased using RAID technology. RAID is the acronym for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. RAID is a storage device that can hold and control multiple hard drives.

Red Brigade, Italian Terrorism

Red Brigade, Good Morning, Night, The Red Brigade emerged in 1968 in Italy, a time of social and political turbulence around the world. For the Red Brigades, their fight with the Italian state was the continuation of the fight that the Italian Left Wing Resistance waged against Nazi Fascism during the Second World War. Offspring of classic Marxist/Leninists, their fight was ideological, and they feared the resurgence of Fascism in Italy which they equated with the rise of Italian and European capitalism and its aging corporate leadership.Although they saw themselves as continuing the battle waged by their ancestor resistant fighters, to me, they seemed less interested in obtaining benefits for the workers they claimed to support, than in denouncing capitalism and demagoging their rigid view of a pure Marxism. The Red Brigade sought to create and deliver propaganda that would prepare students, workers, the proletariat, and masses for â€Å"violent and systematic opposition to the bou rgeois order. † (Christian Science Monitor, 1978).While the revolutionary predecessors of the Red Brigades, fought Nazism and Fascism to free Italy and Italians, Bellochio’ s movie Good Morning, Night presents a much starker and menacing Red Brigade that in 1968 lost its way as it lost its humanity according to Bellochio. Bellochio says that while ideas are fundamental to a democracy and that political debate and demonstration a virtue, the killing of a human being in the name of one’s ideals is lunacy, and reflects a lack of understanding of life, human reality, and of contemporary Italy.According to Bellochio the Red Brigades failure was the failure to recognize the complex choices in 1968 Italy, and their inability to change along with a changing Italy. The Red Brigade were ideologues, uncompromising in their world view of a pure class struggle, and they were committed to undermine any other political view in Italy. Their uncompromising view was effective in a ttracting young, ideological followers and assisted the Brigade in garnering their initial power, but ultimately it led to their undoing.For in their intransigence and unrelenting purist view of a creation of a proletariat uprising, they increasingly disassociated themselves from the reality of the lives of most Italians. Ultimately, and in particular with the killing of Aldo Moro, they alienated themselves from the very working people upon whose support their revolution of the masses was dependent. Marco Bellochio’s Good Morning, Night demonstrates the Red Brigade’s intransigence and naivete in describing them as â€Å"being very far from reality†.In the world view of Red Brigade’s founder Renato Curcio, the Brigade followed an ideology and a doctrine that advocated â€Å"armed violence against the capitalist state (Christian Science Monitor, March 17, 1978). The Red Brigade and their leadership were violent anti-capitalists, and they saw multinational corporations as monsters preparing to devour the world (Raufer). Curio viewed the Red Brigade as true Marxists and he sought to re-create a socialist state along the lines of what Lenin had created in the Soviet Union, and Mao had created in China through the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Raufer, page 319). But in a post Lenin and Mao world where millions of poor people had been instructed that poverty is not virtue and to get rich is noble, the Red Brigade’s dogma seemed well worn, particularly when it was communicated through a gun barrel, and resulted in the death of Aldo Moro, an admired leader. The Red Brigade viewed themselves as the evolution of inexorable historical and social forces, and that their ascendancy in Italy, and perhaps Europe was natural and inevitable.Curio believed that the Red Brigade would eventual become a key political force in Italy, and that the Brigade was destined through the natural evolution of the revolutionary forces begun by Lenin and Mao to lead a social, economic and political revolution in Italy. Curio believed fervently that this was his and the Red Brigade’s destiny. These beliefs about the destiny of Curio and the Red Brigade in my view are what Bellochio assailed in his movie and in his comments that politics is the art of understanding reality.Bellachio says that Curio’s naive misreading of the Italian people and of humanity is fundamentally what led to the failure of the Red Brigade and their ultimate dissolution. In their targeting of Aldo Moro, The Red Brigades sought to prevent a â€Å"historic compromise† between the Communist Party and the Christian Social Democratic Party which would have created an alliance allowing the Communists to become a legitimate political force in the Italian Government.Even though this compromise would have allowed the Communists to have a voice in Government, the Red Brigades feared that the Christian Democrats would control the Communists and in so doing constrain the uprising of the proletariat that Curio believed was its destiny. Curio believed that the pact between Moro’s Christian Democrats would â€Å"enslave the working class with the help of communist revisionists† (New York Times, 1978)In Good Morning, Night, Bellochio demonstrates the naivete of this belief, and ultimately the failure of this Red Brigades for they lost their ability to value human life. They believed that symbols were more important than people, and that there are no constraints on human behavior in social and political revolution. Bellochio believes, and demonstrates in Good Morning, Night that this is not so, and to de-humanize people in the name of revolution or any cause is a blindness that divorces the cause from real life and people, and therefore is doomed to fail.

Alka-Seltzer tablets react with water Essay

Things tend to go wrong at higher temperatures because at higher temperatures (60iC+) the dissolved calcium hydrogen carbonate starts to decompose. This removes the temporary hardness and therefore removes the dissolved Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, therefore making the test unfair because at lower temperatures there was hardness in the water. From the results obtained it has been seen that the rate of reaction increases as the temperature increases, supporting my hypothesis in which I stated that †As the temperature increases, so will the rate of reaction, but at higher temperatures the pattern (link) will break down (giving us unreliable results and the trend in the graph will show this). Therefore the Alka-Seltzer tablets dropped into the hottest water will dissolve the fastest. † As you can see from the graph, at 80i C the link breaks down, giving us a result that does not fit in with the general trend of results. This is not an anomalous result and there is a reason behind this. Things tend to go wrong at higher temperatures because at higher temperatures (60i C+) the dissolved calcium hydrogen carbonate starts to decompose. This removes the temporary hardness and therefore removes the dissolved Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, therefore making the test unfair because at lower temperatures there was hardness in the water. The graph showing the time in seconds (rate of reaction), against the temperature shows the rate of reaction increasing with the temperature, and there is a curve that at first goes down steeply, but then becomes straighter. At 80i C the link breaks down, giving us an odd result, which can be explained by the fact that the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions are removed due to the decomposing of the calcium hydrogen carbonate. As you can see from the graph and my table of results, the result obtained at 30i C is an anomalous result (i. e. it doesn’t follow the general trend). This again supports my hypothesis in which I stated this by saying that the link would break down giving us unreliable results. The link did not break down at 60i C as I had stated that it would because that is only the temperature at which the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions started to decompose and once they had fully decomposed the results showed this. For the 1/time(s) against the temperature (i C) graph I got a straight line, which was the line of best fit. Again it shows how unreliable the results are at higher temperatures, as the results for 70i C and 80i C do not fit in.showing how the link breaks down due to dissolved substances in the water. This shows that the temperature is inversely proportional to the time. Also I predicted that as the temperature increased by 10i C the rate of reaction would approximately double. The results do not clearly show this happening, but I believe that it shows some signs of this happening. At 20i C the average time is 97. 5 seconds. When the temperature was increased to 30i C it approximately doubled (x 2. 17 to 3 significant figures) to 45 seconds. However this is an anomalous result and should be higher. Even so, this still supports my prediction. The next result obtained is for 40i C, which is 37 seconds. There is no sign of the rate doubling (x 1. 22 to 3 significant figures), but if we take into account that the previous result should have been higher, then it would appear to approximately double. From here onwards it does not double for every 10i C. This is due to my theory (scientific background knowledge) that things go wrong at higher temperatures due to the decomposing of calcium hydrogen carbonate at temperatures of 60i C and above. Evaluation: I have obtained a reliable set of results, with repeats of the evidence obtained. An accurate procedure was used, with this being shown by the results obtained which all agree with each other. By using a burette, it allowed me to work up to a very accurate degree of accuracy, rather than simply using a beaker or a measuring cylinder. However, I did use a measuring cylinder for repeat results and this did not seem to affect my results. I obtained one set of anomalous results. These were obtained for a temperature of 30i C and did not fit in with the general trend. According to the best-fit line on my graph, the rate of reaction should have been longer and it should have taken about 58 seconds for the Alka-Seltzer tablets to dissolve in water with a temperature of 30i C. A reason for me obtaining this anomalous result could have been due to the fact that whilst the reaction was taking place the 100ml beaker was still in the water bath. This would have caused the temperature to rise slowly and slowly increase the rate while the tablets were dissolving, therefore causing more collisions and increasing the rate. This did not happen however at higher temperatures, because the temperature of the water bath was about the same, and so it did not really have much effect, and it just kept the temperature constant (i. e. stopped it rising or falling). Although I tried my best to make the experiment perfect there were some unavoidable inaccuracies with the experiment. Firstly, when testing lower temperatures, the temperature of the water bath, which was much higher than the actual temperature being tested, caused a rapid increase in the temperature, or if it were lower it would cause it to decrease rapidly, especially when taken off the Bunsen. These gave us results for inaccurate temperatures to which were we testing. To overcome this problem, a thermostatic water bath would need to have been used, since it can be set to a certain temperature, and it will stop when it reaches there. Also it would mean that the solution inside it would reach the exact temperature or close to it. , and not increase or decrease once the water inside it has reached equilibration. Secondly, it was impossible to say when exactly the Alka-Seltzer tablets had completely dissolved and consistently decide this for every result obtained. This was a huge flaw in the experiment and affected the results in a big way. To overcome this problem a special piece of apparatus would be needed to decide exactly when they had dissolved each time and give us the same measure of consistency each time. To improve the quality of the results, the same piece of apparatus would have needed to be used throughout the whole experiment, and not changed for repeat results. To extend my inquiry and provide additional evidence for this experiment, I think that I could have investigated up to higher temperatures and see how the link would break down, and how the results would fit in with the trend of results. Also, it would have helped me to see how the decomposing of the dissolved substances affected the results. To improve the experiment and make it fair, distilled water should have been used instead of tap water because it is purer than tap water and does not contain impurities.

The Transatlantic Slave essays

The Transatlantic Slave essays From the 1520s to the 1860s an estimated 11 to 12 million African men, women, and children were forcibly embarked on European vessels for a life of slavery in the Western Hemisphere. Many more Africans were captured or purchased in the interior of the continent but a large number died before reaching the coast. About 9 to 10 million Africans survived the Atlantic crossing to be purchased by planters and traders in the New World, where they worked principally as slave laborers in plantation economies requiring a large workforce. African peoples were transported from numerous coastal outlets from the Senegal River in West Africa and hundreds of trading sites along the coast as far south as Benguela (Angola), and from ports in Mozambique in southeast Africa. In the New World slaves were sold in markets as far north as New England and as far south as present-day Argentina. The Early History of European Trade with Africa The marketing of people in the interior of Africa predates European contact with West Africa. A Trans-Saharan slave trade developed from the tenth to fourteenth century which featured the buying and selling of African captives in Islamic markets such as the area around present-day Sudan. A majority of those enslaved were females, who were purchased to work as servants, agricultural laborers, or concubines. Some captives were also shipped north across the deserts of northwest Africa to the Mediterranean coast. There, in slave markets such as Ceuta (Morocco), Africans were purchased to work as servants or laborers in Spain, Portugal, and other countries. By the mid-1400s, Portuguese ship captains had learned how to navigate the waters along the west coast of Africa and began to trade directly with slave suppliers who built small trading posts, or "factories," on the coast. European shippers were thus able to circumvent the trans-Saharan caravan slave trade. The slave trade to Europe began to decrease in the late 1400s ...

Oceanography Discussion Short Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Oceanography Discussion Short - Essay Example The phyla colonizing the terrestrial environments diversified more due to widely ranging environmental conditions. b) The benthic environment has more species diversity than the pelagic environment (Berger & Shor 304; WÃ ¼rtz 28). This is because the pelagic environment is more homogenous unlike the benthic environment. Benthic habitats are more diverse and the supply of sediment, exposure to waves, light and currents, etc vary over short distances. Moreover, it provides a greater number of choices of habitat, for instance, organisms may live on the sea floor, as epifauna, or in it, as infauna (Berger & Shor 304). Thus, the varying habitat of the benthic environment offers greater opportunities for speciation. Whales possess a number of physiological adaptations that enable them to dive to great depths and stay submerged for very long time periods. This is possible because of a number of factors listed below: Whales and most other marine mammals have streamlined bodies, which reduce drag during swimming, thereby increasing the swimming efficiency apart from reducing oxygen consumption required during diving at greater depths. They have high concentrations of myoglobin when compared to terrestrial animals. Myoglobin binds oxygen in the muscle tissue and higher concentrations of it enable deep sea diving in anoxygenic conditions. (Sverdrup, Duxbury & Duxbury 363) Differences in fin structure: - Cruisers’ fins are designed for high speed while lungers’ fins are designed for increased maneuverability. Cruisers usually have lunate caudal fins while lungers usually have rounded fins. Differences in muscle fiber: - Cruisers mostly have red muscle fiber while lungers have white muscle fiber. Red muscle fiber has high myoglobin concentrations and so, has a higher affinity for oxygen. Therefore, cruisers’ muscles have more endurance and lower fatigue, and are adapted for speed. On the other hand, the white muscle fiber of lungers makes them less enduring because

Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 8

Research Paper - Essay Example They share a history and tradition with certain faiths, but over time they have evolved, added and mutating rituals and making up new ones along the way (New Advent). Can it be said that the Santeria are one of the world’s more successful syncretic religions? Perhaps, but it depends on the criteria one uses to measure success. For example, there are not many members of Santeria and it is also quite a geographically and racially limited faith (de la Torre, 12). It probably would not appeal to a broad segment of the world’s population. The practitioners of this faith have also not made much of an impact on contemporary life. But before discussing this issue further, some history about Santeria is important. The Santeria developed largely out of a mix of African tribal religions and new world spirituality that meshed together in the plantations of the Caribbean. During the 16th and 17th century many Africans were kidnapped from their homes on the East Coast of Africa and f orcibly transferred to the Caribbean to work on sugarcane plantations as slaves (Eltis, 156-7). Their journey in the Middle Passage was a truly cruel and terrifying one. Although the place they were going to was very religious—mostly Catholic—the people there had no real respect for the Africans’ traditional religions. Many new arrivals to the New World found their religion had been criminalized and that they had to be baptized into a new faith (Eltis, 78). They had the vestiges of their old life stripped from them as they were nothing more than rags. Over time, the old religion and the new religions became one and Santeria was born. Santeria has special gods and special priests and interesting ceremonies that sometimes feature animal sacrifices. Music plays a very important role in the rituals (de la Torre, 121). In these respects it is similar to many of